) risk estimates with portfolio risk. We use loan performance as a direct measure of portfolio risk as well as less direct … market-based measures. Our results document that loan performance is highly correlated with AIRB risk weights and that, in … contrast, Basel I risk weights are not reflective of loan performance. We find that capital requirements under the AIRB …

. Specifically, we introduce a measure called CRISK, systemic climate risk, which is the expected capital shortfall of a financial … institution in a climate stress scenario. We use the measure to study the climate-related risk exposure of large global banks in …