This paper analyzes conditional threshold effects of stock market volatility on crude oil market volatility. We use the conditional threshold autoregressive (CoTAR) model, a novel extension of TAR from a constant to time-varying threshold. The conditional threshold is specified as an empirical...

We investigate linkages between three different markets: renewable energy (represented by a range of renewable energy ETFs); traditional energy (represented by crude oil ETF); and common stocks (represented by the S&P 500 Index ETF). We use daily data from 2008 to 2021. The econometric framework...

We propose new methods for estimating the bid-ask spread from observed transaction prices alone. Our methods are based on the empirical characteristic function instead of the sample autocovariance function like the method of Roll (1984). As in Roll (1984), we have a closed form expression for...