This paper tests the effect of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita on pollution, measured by carbon dioxide (CO2 …) emissions per capita. World Bank 1992 study claims that pollution rises with income, but at a slower and slower speed and … eventually declines. Using Ordinary Least Squares estimation procedure, we find a quadratic relationship ("inverted U …

Cross-country estimations of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to empirically analyze the relationship between … income and pollution have generally assumed a common structure for all countries. Since this latter feature is not supported …