In September 2015, Heads of State and Government will gather in New York to agree the post-2015 development agenda. The role that trade will play in this agenda is neither clear, nor agreed. Yet an open, non-discriminatory, rules-based multilateral trading system underpins sustainable...

The Long Depression -- Introduction: Getting Depressed -- Chapter 1: The Cause of Depressions -- Chapter 2: The Long Depression of the Late Nineteenth Century -- Chapter 3: The Great Depression of the Mid-Twentieth Century -- Chapter 4: The Profitability Crisis and the Neoliberal Response --...

Trade costs such as applied tariffs, transportation and insurance costs are amplified as they pass through the multiple production steps associated with modern supply chains. This so called "cascade effect" arises since trade costs accumulate as intermediate goods are imported and then...