reductive framing in which gender gaps in economic outcomes are either due to discrimination or to "choice". I suggest here that …The economics literature on gender has expanded considerably in recent years, fueled in part by new sources of data …, including from experimental studies of gender differences in preferences and other traits. At the same time, economists have …

gender-related expectations: assessing and acknowledging reality -- Chapter 1: The global view of gender discrimination in … -- Changing provider demographics -- Role Congruity Theory -- Observed gender differences in provider behavior -- Patient … perceptions influenced by provider gender -- The Catch 22 for female providers -- Why this matters -- Solutions -- References …