COVID-19 pandemic has rattled the global economy and has required governments to undertake massive fiscal stimulus to … their choice. First, the countries with one level worse rating announced 0.3 percentage points lower fiscal stimulus (as a … percentage of their GDP). Second, these countries also delayed their fiscal stimulus by an average of 1.7 days. We identify 22 …

business cycle fluctuations. We apply this concept to account for the cross-country variation in the fiscal stimulus associated …/capita, and higher financial exposure to the US, were associated with a higher fiscal stimulus/GDP during 2009-2010. Intriguingly …, higher trade openness has been associated with lower fiscal stimulus. -- fiscal space ; fiscal stimulus ; trade openness …

cycle fluctuations. We apply this concept to account for the cross-country variation in the fiscal stimulus associated with …/capita, higher financial exposure to the US, and higher inflation were associated with a higher fiscal stimulus/GDP during 2009 …-2010. Intriguingly, higher trade openness has been associated with lower fiscal stimulus. -- Fiscal space ; fiscal stimulus ; trade …

in the previous literature based on U.S. data - we find that the pooled government spending multiplier is small: below 0 ….2. This estimate, however, masks substantial heterogeneity: the debtfinanced spending multiplier is larger and can be well … above 1 if monetary policy is accommodative. The multiplier is especially large in recessions and when the government …

the magnitude and composition of these fiscal stimulus programs. These differences were determined by myriad political …