This paper presents the results of a four-year project tackling several issues relating to multilateral and preferential trade in services. One of the underlying organising principles of our research on services trade has been a presumed fault line between the innate coherence that is achieved...

This commentary on the security exception provision embedded in the GATS pioneers in that it discusses issues of national security relating to trade in services in a dynamic manner taking into account current threats and contentious issues relating to WTO Members' essential security interests....

The principle of non-discrimination constitutes a corner-stone in different fields of international economic law, notably international trade in goods and services as well as intellectual property and investment protection. While its basic rationale appears to be straightforward, the application...

The extent to which market participants are in a competitive relationship constitutes a key element both in competition law and in international economic law. Competition law practice has developed refined economic instruments designed to define relevant markets on the basis of demand...