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On November 13, 2020, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) promulgated a final regulation regarding the investment duties of an ERISA fiduciary in selecting either direct plan investments or investment alternatives to make available to participants and beneficiaries of self-directed plans (the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014090033
In Finland, as in most OECD countries, the ageing of the population is one of the major long-term policy challenges. This paper first explores the scale of the demographic changes in Finland, the relevant institutions and their effect on the decision to retire. In light of the increase in the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012445103
When the challenges of population aging are being debated, the uncertain future of pension systems is a topic of high priority and large controversy. The aim of this chapter is not to provide a “consensus view” on social security and public insurance in aging populations but to put structure...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014023471
The chapter argues that international economic law dispute settlement bodies (IEL DSBs) have generally apply deferential standard of review when analysing national tobacco control measures. While the approaches taken by different IEL DSBs are not identical, all of them seem to aim at...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013241374
assessment of the status quo prior to the spread of the coronavirus, evaluates how retirement systems are faring in the wake of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012317338
Macroeconomic disasters (wars, pandemics, depressions) are characterized by drastic shifts and increased volatility of the aggregate consumption to income ratio. By standard intertemporal budget constraint logic, this ratio is linked to expectations of future income and consumption growth rates....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012511037
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013264953
equity capital and a reduction in the corporate sector’s reliance on bank loans. This article argues that the coronavirus …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012437471
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic raises the question of whether innovation can save humanity. Indeed, as it …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014098508
The shutdowns stemming from COVID-19 revealed the need for emergency cash savings, especially for unbanked and low- to … government rescue packages are not available.This Article proposes the creation of tax-favored Emergency Electronic Savings … future emergencies. The tax code incentivizes savings for other anticipated life expenses, such as retirement and medical …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013300808