This article discusses the legal status of links, in connection with the pending cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union in Svensson, C More and BestWater. Hyperlinks, deep links, framed links and embedded links are discussed. It focuses on the Opinion of the European Copyright...

There is not a uniform view of the link between cyber risk and systemic risk: some assume a direct link whereas others query the connection.Beyond nation states, the vast majority of independent cyber attackers are currently unlikely to have the capability to systemically impact the financial...

Based on technical assistance to central banks by the IMF's Monetary and Capital Markets Department and Information Technology Department, this paper examines fintech and the related area of cybersecurity from the perspective of central bank risk management. The paper draws on findings from the...

The ability of attackers to undermine, disrupt and disable information and communication technology systems used by financial institutions is a threat to financial stability and one that requires additional attention

A major cyber-incident in the financial sector can spiral into financial instability, cause liquidity shocks, and potentially a solvency crisis. Considering cybersecurity as a public good, governments have a significant role in crafting coordinated cyber strategies and incident responses....

The rapid growth of international economic activity in the recent decades has brought forth a unique and formidable policy challenge. The challenge consists of reconciling two goals which sometimes compete directly with one another: creating a regime that allows economic interaction between...

The future of corporate criminal liability in the U.S. and around the world may be for failure to adequately act on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. In Europe and elsewhere, courts have found a fundamental right or the equivalent to protection from climate change. That right...

Debate continues as to the transformations in terrorism evidenced by the September 11 attacks and since that time. Some, including the former U.S. President, point to changes in the nature of terrorism and argue that September 11 constituted a wholly new form of terrorism that demanded a novel...