This paper presents an empirical evaluation of recently proposed asset pricing models which extend the standard preference specification by a reference level of consumption. The novelty is that we use a broad cross-section of test assets, which provides a level playing field for a comparison to...

Daily financial market returns (as log difference in closing prices) may be quite sensitive to operation with low trading volumes and big changes in prices frequently traded at market closing times. This paper proposes a more robust estimation of market returns by providing a new indicator that...