competition. The European Commission, in trying to improve the wholesale roaming market, caused the introduction of a system of … non-discriminatory prices that were not subject to competition but instead to low levels of price transparency and with … partners, demonstrating little evidence of competition. Analyses of the wholesale markets by national regulators revealed …

investing in network infrastructure to be able to induce some degree of service differentiation. With retail competition the …The paper assesses the scope for competition inducing infrastructure regulation in furthering the diffusion of … competition is generally not leading to acceleration in broadband diffusion. Second, with respect to intra-platform competition …

for allocation of spectrum licenses may induce problems of fair competition in an integrated market …

for allocation of spectrum licenses may induce problems of fair competition in an integrated market …

The paper assesses the scope for competition inducing infrastructure regulation in furthering the diffusion of … different regulatory provisions are assessed. Inter-firm competition in general and intra-platform competition on the incumbent …’s DSL network in particular accelerate adoption of broadband, whereas there is little evidence that inter-platform over …

that is not a given; this will challenge the entrepreneurial spirit of network operators, mobile terminal manufacturers and …

This paper questions whether competition can replace sector-specific regulation of mobile telecommunications. We show … bilateral negotiations. A lighthanded regulatory policy can induce effective competition. Call prices are close to the marginal …. Existence encompasses the case of many networks and high network substitutability …

The Silk Roads were a decentralized network of trade routes that connected ancient cities across Eurasia. Goods, ideas … network, this paper finds that areas within 50 KM of the historic location of the Silk Roads have higher levels of economic … activity today. The persistent effect of proximity to the ancient trade network is associated with increased access to modern …