justified the inclusion of arbitration agreements in international commercial contracts because the New York Arbitration … easily enforced, and court judgments will more easily recognized in other states. Thus, the choice between arbitration and … Hague Convention with those existing under the New York Arbitration Convention …

agreements (IIAs), most of which provide for investment arbitration as the forum for the resolution of disputes between foreign …

challenge host state measures in international arbitration proceedings. Relying on investment standards offers an alternative …-state arbitration may be the only forum where right holders can litigate international IP norms such as the TRIPS Agreement. This may … are likely to open a door for challenging compliance with international IP obligations in investor-state arbitration …

International arbitration and, particularly, investor-state arbitration is rapidly shifting to include disputes of a … international arbitration, have not recognized the new public law context of these disputes, and have failed to develop a coherent … program launched after a massive financial collapse and has called into question the legitimacy of investor-state arbitration …

neutrality and suitability to deal with transnational commercial disputes as international arbitration …