total about $900 billion, of which global cartels account for 37%.• The average guilty cartel's estimated sales size is $917 … million, global $6.9 billion.• More than 49,000 companies were indicted for international price fixing. • Monetary penalties … reached $233 billion, which equals 2.0% of affected sales.• More than half of all cartel penalties are paid to North American …

Asia and the rest of the world during 1990-2007. The need for assertive anti-cartel enforcement in Asia is demonstrated by …, it is doubtful that such monetary sanctions can deter modern international cartels. Optimal cartel deterrence is …International cartelists today face antitrust investigations and possible fines in a score of national and …

absolute Commission fine. Independent variables fall into four groups: the extent of the cartel’s antitrust injuries; factors … cartel; and controls for time, for changes in EC guidelines, for nationality of the defendant, and for industry …-specific characteristics. The predictive power of the final model is quite satisfactory. We find that EC corporate cartel fines generally …

, 953 were convicted; 296 await a decision; After international cartels are investigated, 96% are convicted; Nominal …,000 companies (7,200 named) are liable for international price fixing; 60% of corporate cartelists are headquartered in Western … Europe: 533 individuals were sanctioned for international price fixing; Prison sentences imposed total 656 years; Gross …

other modern cartel. For example, the internal records of the major defendants have yielded monthly transaction prices for … the largest discovered international price-fixing schemes of the late 20th century in terms of affected commerce and …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly … participated in international cartels and that were fined between 1996 and March 2010. The predictive power of the optimal …-deterrence model is quite good. We find that U.S. corporate cartel fines are strongly directly related to economic injuries from …

This article provides extracts and an interpretive discussion of the data in the private international cartels (PIC …) data set. PIC is a large sample of legal-economic information on private international “hardcore” cartels. It summarizes … selected cartel statistics from the July 2016 edition of PIC, i.e., cartels prosecuted over the past 26 years. In particular, I …

The amino-acid lysine cartel was a watershed even in antitrust enforcement. It was the first global price … history of the global lysine cartel and the legal consequences for its members in the United States. The story focuses … participating in price-fixing conspiracies and the difficulty of achieving optimal deterrence of international cartels …

This paper describes and analyzes the outcomes of cartel-whistleblower programs around the world, including those of …. These companies, several of them recipients of multiple amnesties, participated in 84 international cartels that ended from …