TRIPs Agreement introduced intellectual property rights (IPRs) into the multilateral trading system for the first time … during the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations. However, TRIPs is at crossroad, pushed by one force from developed … countries calling for higher standard of IPRs and the other for integrating more social development concerns. Should TRIPs and …

Doha Declaration further clarified and reaffirmed the existing TRIPS flexibilities. This paper argues that India has taken …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique …

The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for … pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil …, India and other countries. Ample evidence, including patented AZT for HIV/AIDS treatment, showed that patents could make …

extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …