model of the strategic interaction between the Catholic Church and host governments shows how the pope’s use of conditional …

. -- Religion ; convert-out ; church attendance ; prayer ; parental religiosity ; Europe …

. Religiosity is measured by religious membership and by participation. Instead of estimating separately a religion and an income …

-price of giving and the German church tax, differently affect charitable donations of church members, individuals leaving … church and non-church members. We find crowding in between the church tax and charitable giving for church members, but not … for the church-leavers. In contrast to church members, donations of church-leavers and non-members are also highly …