Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are vital for safeguarding and enhancing foreign investments, pivotal in Global Production Networks (GPNs). This study assesses the impact of BITs on GPNs driven by EU multinational enterprises, with a focus on regions hosting corporate headquarters due to...

The new economic reality of heightened international competition, constant technological change, and cross border migration flowsreferred to in shorthand as globalizationʺhas upset traditional forms of governing capitalist economies. Nation-states were once considered the only appropriate scale...