The ne bis in idem principle (the prohibition of double jeopardy) is a fundamental protection under EU law. It has long been of particular importance in the decentralised system of EU competition law enforcement brought about by Regulation 1/2003. While the mechanism for cooperation between the...

This article begins with a general discussion of why governments comply with international law norms. It then discusses the specific antitrust context in which international norms are created, the process of identifying fundamental due process norms, and the review mechanisms that were adopted...

This Article creates a paradigm for future studies of the role of Transnational Legal Process in the field of the interface between trade and competition policy to enhance a legal-based trade relationship between countries. It suggests that essential synergies that exist between trade and...

Introduction -- The emergence of competition policy regimes -- The errors of antitrust -- The performance gap -- What is competition policy? -- Sources of error in antitrust practice -- What is different in developing and transition economies? -- The political economy of antitrust enforcement --...

"Harnessing the tension between "equity" and "efficiency" and achieving the optimal equilibrium between these policy objectives, has long been one of the major questions bedevilling economics and, more generally, political philosophy in liberal democracies but also beyond."

This report outlines key aspects of the current state of international enforcement co-operation between competition authorities. It builds on a 2012 survey by the two organisations that resulted in two separate reports, one from the OECD and one from the ICN. The report contains a description of...