"Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that world-wide 110 million children aged 5 … preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals … and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered …

several health outcomes and find that, in general, increased openness is associated with lower rates of infant mortality and …, but not all, of the positive association between openness and health may result from more open economies receiving more …

and trade shocks on the risk of intrastate conflict. A set of operationalizations of economic shock is developed and used …