We use principal component analysis on 55 bilateral exchange rates of 11 developed currencies to identify two important global risk sources in FX markets. The risk sources are related to Carry and Dollar but are not spanned by these factors. We estimate the market prices associated with the two...

Output fluctuations in nontraded sectors are a primary country-specific risk factor because nontraded outputs are consumed domestically. While nontraded sector growth risks are mostly non-diversifiable, they can be partially mitigated by international trades in other sectors. The mitigation...