What affects the choices of terrorism and counter-terrorism? New researchers interested in this field might feel overwhelmed by the vast literature that emerged after the 9/11 attacks. We review existing trends and policies related to international terrorist activities. We describe the...

Introduction : a living example of the puzzle -- The man of the humanitarian system -- The evolution of humanitarian action -- Adaptability and the planner's problem -- Political competition replaces market competition -- The bureaucracy of humanitarianism -- Killing people with kindness --...

This Element surveys the field of defense, peace, and war economics with particular emphasis on the contributions made by Austrian economists. I first review treatments of defense, peace, and war by the classical economists. I then discuss the rise of a distinct and systematic defense, peace,...

In 2010, Haiti was ravaged by a brutal earthquake that affected the lives of millions. The call to assist those in need was heard around the globe. Yet two years later humanitarian efforts led by governments and NGOs have largely failed. Resources are not reaching the needy due to bureaucratic...

Why does liberal democracy take hold in some countries but not in others? Why do we observe such different outcomes in military interventions, from Germany and Japan to Afghanistan and Iraq? Do efforts to export democracy help as much as they hurt? These are some of the most enduring questions...