Industrial subsidies take on a growing importance in trade discussions. Yet assessing the scope and scale of government interventions in manufacturing remains notoriously difficult due to a persistent lack of reliable and comparable data. With many governments failing to provide sufficient...

The support that governments provide to their industrial producers has been a growing source of concern. Much of that support is provided by governments through the financial system, either in the form of below‑market borrowings or below-market equity. To better understand the nature and scale...

Industrialization is vital for inclusive and sustainable global development. The two engines of industrialization - innovation and trade - are in danger of being compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, under conditions increasingly reminiscent of the medieval world. It comes at a time when...

Industrialization is vital for inclusive and sustainable global development. The two engines of industrialization - innovation and trade - are in danger of being compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, under conditions increasingly reminiscent of the medieval world. It comes at a time when...

Industrialization is vital for inclusive and sustainable global development. The two engines of industrialization – innovation and trade – are in danger of being compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, under conditions increasingly reminiscent of the medieval world. It comes at a...

When firms trade in “tasks” rather than in final products, the weight of tariffs and transportation costs on factory prices and on international competitiveness is magnified. With goods crossing national borders many times before reaching the final consumer, these trading costs are also...

This presentation is about poverty and redistribution in emerging economics. It was prepared for the Asian Development Bank’s Distinguished Speakers Program held on 25 October 2011 at the ADB Headquarters. Various types of poverty alleviation programs are discussed, and the central role of...

In recent years, there is a growing tendency in international taxation to move the right to tax the corporate income of multinational enterprises to the jurisdiction where their customer base is located. One widely discussed proposal applies a sales-only formula to group-wide profits of...