In this study, new determinants of non-performing loans (NPL) for the MSCI emerging countries were investigated. For this purpose, a new index was formed using the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicator data from 2002 to 2018. To test the effect of governance on NPL, we used the GMM...

Some financial institutions can use internally developed credit risk models to determine their capital requirements. At the same time, the regulatory framework governing such models allows institutions to implement diverse rating systems with no specified penalty for poor model performance. To...

Following the financial crisis, the share of non-performing loans has significantly increased, while the regulatory guidelines on the Internal-Ratings Based (IRB) approach for capital adequacy calculation related to defaulted exposures remains too general. As a result, the high-risk nature of...

Banking sector is important for various macroeconomic and microeconomic variables in terms of mobilization of funds, increasing savings, and providing alternative investment instruments suited to the every person by minimizing the risk of adverse selection and moral hazard, allocating funds to...

This article focuses on three recent proposed reforms to the international financial system: Basel III capital requirements, the enhanced use of supervisory colleges, and proposed bank resolution regimes. In addition to analyzing recent reform proposals, the article describes historical...

Regulation of risks in banking is driven by evolution of financial intermediation and markets, and vice versa. The study analyzes a changing nature of financial institutions' regulatory and supervisory trends in emerging markets over last 20 years, providing outlook for the future. Although the...

This paper presents a new dataset on the dynamics of non-performing loans (NPLs) during 88 banking crises since 1990. The data show similarities across crises during NPL build-ups but less so during NPL resolutions. We find a close relationship between NPL problems-elevated and unresolved...

The Basel Accords, while extremely influential, are oftentimes too detailed and technical to be easily accessible to the nontechnical policymaker or interested scholar. This paper looks to fill that gap by detailing the origin, regulation, implementation, criticism, and results of both Basel I...