, natural disasters) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. It becomes evident that over the past … 30 years cash demand always increased in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself.However, the …

Despite the increasing use of cashless payment instruments, the notion that cash loses importance over time can be … unambiguously refuted. In contrast, the authors show that cash demand increased steeply over the past 30 years. This is not only … is evident that cash demand always increases in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself. However …

central bank and retail banks, may thus observe a decline in the demand for their payments systems, i.e. cash and deposits … until it wins. By introducing an interest-bearing central bank digital currency (CBDC), the central bank is able to provide … a payment system which is superior to cryptocurrencies. Miners cannot match the CBDC rate and go bankrupt. Retail banks …

banknotes and take due account of other determinants of cash demand. We find a significant and positive relationship between the … cash demand equation including the shadow economy. …

workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes …In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … transactions is decreasing in the euro area – a phenomenon known as the paradox of banknotes – the members of the Overseas …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … (45%). -- Banknotes ; euro ; foreign demand ; hoarding ; transaction balances …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …