perpetrators, and bias crime penalty enhancements do not distinguish between youth and adult offenders. As a result, little data … exists on youth bias crime, and the consequences of applying bias crime penalty enhancements to adult and youth offenders are … offenders do not apply similarly to youth bias crime offenders. A synthesis of the limited existing data on youth bias crime …

simply increasing employment - for instance, preventing anti-social behavior such as crime. Indeed, recent evidence shows … that participation in active labor market programs reduces crime among unemployed young men. The existence of such effects …

This paper examines the impact of Syrian refugees on high school enrollment rates of native youth in Turkey. Syrian … influence native youth's school enrollment likelihood negatively through educational experience. But, at the same time, they can ….7-3.6 percentage points among native youth in refugee-receiving regions. Furthermore, a one-percentage point increase in the refugee …

This paper examines the impact of Syrian refugees on high school enrollment rates of native youth in Turkey. Syrian … influence native youth's school enrollment likelihood negatively through educational experience. But, at the same time, they can ….7-3.6 percentage points among native youth in refugee-receiving regions. Furthermore, a one-percentage point increase in the refugee …

The persistently high employment share of the informal sector makes entrepreneurship a necessity for youth in many … profits were concentrated among marginal students induced into entrepreneurship by the program. Youth entrepreneurship …