There is a lack of strong empirical evidence on the relationship between openness and economic performance largely due to problems associated with the measurement of trade policy openness and analytical methods. This paper uses more appropriate policy based measures of openness since the most...

Should a closed economy open its trade to all countries or limit itself to participation in regional trade agreements (RTAs)? Based on time-series evidence for a data set for 1950-92, this paper estimates and compares the growth performance of countries that liberalized broadly and those that...

This research presents first empirical time series evidence of the impact of international trade on environmental quality in the case of transition countries. The linkages between international trade and environmental quality are well established both theoretically and empirically in the...