Most macroeconomic indicators failed to capture the sharp economic fluctuations during the Corona crisis in a timely manner. Instead, alternative high-frequency data have been used, aiming to monitor the economic situation. However, these data are often only loosely related to the business cycle...

In this paper, we make use of state space models to investigate the presence of stochastic trends in economic time series. A model is specified where such a trend can enter either in the autoregressive representation or in a separate state equation. Tests based on the former are analogous to...

In this paper, we make use of state space models toinvestigate the presence of stochastic trends in economic time series. Amodel is specified where such a trend can enter either in the autoregressiverepresentation or in a separate state equation. Tests based on the formerare analogous to...