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balance, and the first differences of public debt. Part of this approach includes testing cointegration and causality among … tests, cointegration, and Granger causality test. This paper focuses on assessing the fiscal sustainability of four panels …
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Correction model, (VEC) a Granger causality and Johansen cointegration test to check for long – term relationship between general … general government total expenditures by using Johansen cointegration test. Finally, at the 5% significance level, we have …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012910719
with fertility rate, infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rate. However, no cointegration is observed between …. Whereas, no cointegration between government spending on education and gross enrolment rate at primary and secondary level is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012256228
The relationship between public expenditure and aggregate income has long been debated in economic literature. According to Wagner, expenditure is an endogenous factor or an outcome. On the other hand, Keynes considered public expenditure as an exogenous factor to be used as a policy instrument...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013075313
This paper provides evidence that most German states (Laender) have unsustainable public finances by exploiting a newly compiled database covering the years 1950‐2011. Although the Laender are closely intertwined we are the first to apply “second generation” panel techniques that control...
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