Directors need to guide and govern companies on behalf of and for the benefit of shareholders and stakeholders (Adams, Hermalin, & Weisbach, 2010; "Duties of directors," 2011). However questions remain as to whether boards with higher levels of diversity amongst directors are better equipped to...

Fama and French (1992), in a controversial paper at the time, noted strong associations between cross-sectional equity returns and so-called style variables including size, the price to earnings (P/E) ratio, gearing and the book to market (B/M) ratio. Other researchers have subsequently...