The distinction between transitory or permanent shocks to energy consumption is important not only for researchers but also for policymakers, financial investors, and business owners. This paper tests the stationarity of the electricity consumption of five main sectors (residential, public...

Standard panel unit root tests (PURTs) are not robust to breaks in innovation variances. Consequently, recent papers have proposed PURTs that are pivotal in the presence of volatility shifts. The applicability of these tests, however, has been restricted to cases where the data contains only an...

The aggregate production function approach is one way to forecast future energy demand (a step in forecasting carbon dioxide emissions, for example) and to analyze the aggregate economic effects of measures such as the increase of taxes on energy use. The results of such an approach tend to...

This paper examines the relationship among real GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy use in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using annual data for the years 1960-2013, stationarity, structural breaks, and cointegration tests have been conducted. The empirical evidence strongly...

Despite a bourgeoning literature on the existence of a long-run relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the findings have failed to establish clearly the direction of causation. A growing economy needs more energy, which is exacerbated by growing population. Evidence...

Though there is a very large literature examining whether energy use Granger causes economic output or vice versa this literature is fairly inconclusive. Almost all existing studies use relatively short time series or panels with a relatively small time dimension. Additionally, many recent...

Exploring the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is important in energy economics. We performed an empirical re-examination of the causal interactions between these two factors in South Korea. As most previous studies in South Korea overlook the nonlinear behavior...

This study examines the stationary properties of per capita energy use in the 19 Eurozone member countries by using annual data over 1960–2013 period. We utilize the Clemente et al. unit root test that determines structural breaks. Empirical results show that most of the country series does...

This paper disaggregates energy consumption and GDP data according to end-use to analyze a broad number of developed and developing countries grouped in panels by similar characteristics. Panel long-run causality is assessed with a relatively under-utilized approach recommend by Canning and...

The aim of this article was to assess the empirical evidence of the nexus between GDP and energy consumption for Italy during the period 1970-2009, using a time series approach. After a brief introduction, a survey of the economic literature on this issue is shown, before discussing the data and...