"This paper argues that major governments should act as long-term speculators by intervening to profit from floating exchange rates reversion to fundamentals. Such transactions would improve welfare by transferring risk from private agents to the risk-tolerant government. Interventions...

"Most intervention studies have been silent on the assumed structure of the economic system--implicitly imposing implausible assumptions--despite the fact that inference depends crucially on such issues. This paper proposes to identify the cross-effects of intervention with the level and...

Most intervention studies have been silent on the assumed structure of the economic system - implicitly imposing implausible assumptions - despite the fact that inference depends crucially on such issues. This paper proposes to identify the cross-effects of intervention with the level and...

This paper presents the results of a survey of monetary authorities with respect to foreign exchange intervention. The survey offers evidence on new issues that would otherwise be difficult to investigate, such as response times, non-foreign exchange factors in intervention and profitability....

This article reviews and explains the recent policy reactions of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of Japan to the financial and macroeconomic turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The financial and monetary policy actions of major central banks...