This article surveys the literature on sovereign debt sustainability from its origins in the mid-1980s to the present, focusing on four debates. First, the shift from an "accounting based" view of debt sustainability, evaluated using government borrowing rates, to a "model based" view which uses...

Since the global financial crisis, the Swiss National Bank has been accumulating reserve assets amounting to the size of the Swiss GDP. Yet, the Swiss franc is still considered to be significantly over-valued. This paper analyzes the drivers behind the new situation and discusses challenges and...

The Target liabilities of the GIPS countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) amounted to314 billion euros in March 2011. They measure the additional central bank money that their corresponding National Central Banks (NCBs) have loaned in excess of the money needed to cover their domestic...

Target-Kredite im Eurosystem - Die Stellungnahmen der Bundesbank - Was sind Target-Salden? - Kreditverlagerung - Zur ökonomischen Interpretation der Kreditverlagerung - Target-Kredite, Leistungsbilanz und Kapitalverkehr - Fünf vor zwölf - Target-Salden in den USA - Anhang: Antwort auf die...