The well-known theorem of Dybvig, Ingersoll and Ross shows that the long zero-coupon rate can never fall. This result, which, although undoubtedly correct, has been regarded by many as surprising, stems from the implicit assumption that the long-term discount function has an exponential tail. We...

We propose an approach for the dynamical estimation of initial margins. We determine initial margins at future points in time by computing a risk measure of the modelled price increment over a margin period of risk. As an example, we produce the initial margin process for interest rate swap...