), the problem of instability is simply transferred to inflation rate differentials, what we call the (impossibility of the …) "uncovered inflation rate parity condition" in a monetary union. The analysis of the actual divergences and imbalances in the EMU …, then, suggests that failure to respect the "uncovered inflation rate parity condition" in a monetary union may lead to …

permanent shifts of the exchange rate and the price level if a central bank anchors long-run inflation expectations. In line …-run price level target rather than a long-run inflation target avoids these permanent shifts of the exchange rate and the price …