A mathematical programming model, calibrated on individual farm data, is used to analyse the reform of the common market organisation (CMO) in the sugar sector of the European Union. The model includes a precautionary farm supply function for out-of-quota sugar beet that is estimated as part of...

This paper suggests spatial models as an alternative to the Armington approach to model bilateral trade. While the use of spatial models has been accepted for decades, they are rarely chosen for such analyses. However, problems inherent in the application of the Armington approach can be...