We call the realized variance (RV) calculated with observed prices contaminated by (market) microstructure noises (MNs) the noise-contaminated RV (NCRV), referring to the bias component in the NCRV associated with the MNs as the MN component. This paper develops a state space method for...

A recursive formula for computing the exact value of score vectors is proposed, which is more desirable than approximate values in some statistical analyses, for a general form of the linear Gaussian state space model. Unlike most extant methods, our formula calculates all components of the...