This paper focuses on money supply and economic growth under environmental pressure. Based on the Solow growth model, a formal advance-retreat course (ARC) model and nominal ARC model for money supply are constructed, the basic conditions for increasing money to promote output growth are...

The paper presents the basic theory and conceptual model for advance-retreat course and provides the analytic model the stochastic advance-retreat course and the solving method of it, discusses the relations between the endogenous resistance and subject interests increase with the periodic...

Boating against the current is a kind of human behavior which can generalize many real socio-economic processes. Starting from the view of point, this paper suggests the problem for advance-retreat course and builds the general analytic models of advance-retreat. By the models, we could see the...