This policy document analyzes the effectiveness and efficiency in allocation and use of funds from the Fifth component of the Instrument for Pre-Accession of the European Union for rural development - IPARD in Macedonia. The findings and recommendations are based on previous observations of the...

In countries where agriculture has substantial role in generating domestic product, sustainable microfinance can seriously increase economic activities and hence rural development. It is well known that agriculture is perceived as specific and risky to be financed by banks. Therefore, creating a...

Viable agricultural and rural development is almost impossible without additional finances. Agro lending allows additional capital accumulation necessary for agricultural households to increase its productivity, thus income. Unfortunately, financial institutions perceive agriculture as highly...

Accounting over 10% of country’s GDP, agriculture has substantial role in Macedonian economy. As a viable, yet risky economic sector, it is of great significance for this paper to show to the policymakers that creating special financial (sometimes state owned) institutions for lending in...

Agriculture is a fundamental economic activity in Macedonia which constitutes 10% of GDP over the past decade, adding related processing industry increases this share to approximately 15%-16%. During the last period of economic restructuring, agriculture played a critical role in the social and...

In countries where agriculture has substantial role in generating domestic product, sustainable agro-finance can seriously increase economic development. It is well known that agriculture is perceived as risky to be financed by commercial banks. Therefore, creating specific agro-credit lines...