This paper contains an analysis of the evolution of Romania’s trade balance and the relevant indicators of the external debt in the period 2000-2012. Trade balance deficits are the main cause of the negative current account balance, of the external imbalance and the need to resort to external...

Using two recently constructed measures of trade liberalization dates, this research studies the impact of trade liberalization on imports, exports, and overall trade balance for a large sample of developing countries. We find strong and consistent evidence that trade liberalization leads to...

Like in 2006, the balance of payments for 2007 shows that the increase in resident banks’ international liabilities made it possible to cover the current account defi cit and the outfl ows related to direct and portfolio investment.

In 2006, the international resources of financial and monetary institutions covered the current account defi cits and the net outflows relative to direct and portfolio investment.

This paper documents that cross-border investment income flows are important for explaining current account balances in major economies. Those investment incomes reflect returns on cross-border asset holdings and on balance often reach magnitudes around 5% of major economies' gross domestic...

2004, which was also the year of EU entry, was quite successful for the Czech economy. Economic growth accelerated, driven in particular by the investment demand and exports. After 10 years of permanent deficits, the trade balance deficit diminished significantly. The effects of EU entry, which...

We show that the imputation of reinvested profits of the subsidiaries of foreign firms as a debit item on a host country's balance of payments account tends to overstate the current account deficit and to make the host country seem more vulnerable to financial crisis. We also show that, because...

Lao People’s Democratic Republic’s growth is expected to moderate but remain fairly robust, supported by large projects in train, strong mineral exports, and expansionary policies. The staff report for the Lao People’s Democratic Republic’s 2009 Article IV...

The rapid increase in international trade and financial integration over the past decade and the growing importance of emerging markets in world trade and GDP have inspired the IMF to place stronger emphasis on multilateral surveillance, macro-financial linkages, and the implications of...