findings on the existence of parity-dependent as well as parity-independent birth spacing in England are consistent with the …

-run effect of living standards on birth spacing in the three centuries preceding England's fertility transition. While the effect … could be driven by biology in the case of the poor, a significant effect among the rich suggests that spacing worked as a …

findings on the existence of parity-dependent as well as parity-independent birth spacing in England are consistent with the …

spacing between births in England over more than three centuries, from 1540-1850. This effect is present among both poor and …

-run effect of living standards on birth spacing in the three centuries preceding England’s fertility transition. While the effect … could be driven by biology in the case of the poor, a significant effect among the rich suggests that spacing worked as a …