Compared to other ethnic groups, the black population of South Africa has a low participation rate in entrepreneurship activities. The research question of this article is to explain this empirical fact. Based on twenty-four expert interviews, five patterns of explanation are presented and...

1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptualizing Entrepreneurship as Emancipation -- 3. Gendered Entrepreneurship -- 4. Black Entrepreneurship -- 5. Immigrant Entrepreneurship -- 6. Social Entrepreneurship -- 7. Entrepreneurship Under Occupation -- 8. The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship -- 9. Conclusion.

Using a sample obtained from a survey conducted in the United States during summer 2002, we study the variables related to observed differences in the rate of entrepreneurial involvement between black and white Americans. We find strong evidence that differences in subjective and often biased...