availability and conflict is assumed to be more immediate and direct. Using the parameter of rainfall variability to explore the … events, the frequency of these events increases in periods of extreme rainfall variation, irrespective of the sign of the … rainfall change. Further, these results lend support to both a ‘zero-sum’ narrative, where conflicting groups use force and …

show that the two measures behave differently in standard growth regressions and argue that this is because the standard … model is a mis-specification in this context. Casualties appear to affect growth more in smaller populations. We argue that …

wounded reduces consumption growth by 9% for every 25 casualties. Joining an armed rebel group was a lucrative livelihood … strategy: households of which at least one member joined an armed group experienced 41% higher growth in welfare over the study …