This paper investigates the existence of long-run relationship between exports and imports in Qatar’s economy using … Johansen cointegration approach. Qatar is a small open economy that depends on the outside world for exporting its oil, natural … variables were found to be integrated of order one. Exports and imports were found to be cointegrated and hence, a long …

-based measures and a composite index. The trade-based measures capture the effects of total trade, exports, and imports while the … significance of total trade and exports in promoting economic growth in Botswana, but also the lack of growth impetus from imports … both the short run and the long run. However, when the ratio of imports to GDP is used as a proxy for openness, the study …

This paper examines equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth, exports, and imports in … Nepal using time-series data between 1965 and 2020. This research examines the impact of exports and imports on the economic … growth of Nepal and documents empirical evidence in exports-led growth, imports-led growth, growth-led exports, and growth …