“Shall-issue†laws require authorities to issue concealed-weapons permits to anyone who applies, unless the applicant has a criminal record or a history of mental illness. A large number of studies indicate that shall-issue laws reduce crime. Only one study, an influential paper in the...

In the September 2008 issue of this journal we criticized work by Ian Ayres and John Donohue on the relation between right-to-carry gun laws and crime rates. They replied in the January 2009 issue. Here we respond to their reply.