fractionalization index. We also obtain that both ethnic and religious polarization are significant in explaining conflict. The results …In this paper we examine the link between ethnic and religious polariza- tion and conflict using interpersonal …- ization index. We measure conflict by means on an index of social unrest, as well as by the standard conflict onset or …

This paper investigates the relationship between linguistic polarization and conflict in the Basque Country. During the … underlying the conflict in the Basque Country. We show that at the municipality level, linguistic polarization reduces the level … of conflict. This finding is robust to various ways of measuring linguistic and ideological polarization and the …

true for linguistic and religious fractionalization. This is consistent with the “greed hypothesis” as a driver of conflict …We use three different measures of fractionalization (with varying potential for members of one fraction to … “mendaciously” pass for a member of another) to revisit the correlation between natural resources and the onset of conflict. The …

, and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals' birthplaces. The deaths of popes and … find that an increase of one standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict …We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between …

polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that …Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to …. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a …

polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that …Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to …. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a …

, and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals' birthplaces. The deaths of popes and … find that an increase of one standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict …We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between …