This paper presents an approximation formula for the overflow probability for GI/GI/c(N) queues in terms of a queue-length distribution for the corresponding GI/GI/c(\infty ) queues, where N is the total capacity of the system. The approximation is based on the conservation law, and on...

The switchgrass-driven process for producing ethanol has received much popular attention. However, a realistic analysis of this process indicates three serious limitations: (a) If switchgrass planted on 140 million hectares (the entire area of active U.S. cropland) were used as feedstock and...