corruption, rule of law, and government effectiveness are the indicators which are statistically different for these sets of …

Knowing whether corruption leads to higher emigration rates - and among which groups - is important because most labor … emigration is from developing to developed countries. If corruption leads highly-skilled and highlyeducated workers to leave … unemployment, lowering the returns to human capital and encouraging further emigration. Corruption also shifts public spending from …

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether innovators perceive corruption to be systematically more … the innovation activity of the firms in the analysed countries, conditional on the fact that they consider the corruption … imply that there is a link between innovation activity of the firms, perceptions of corruption and the evaluation of …

-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given … corruption on pollution. The indirect effect via income is positive or negative depending on the income level. If negative, the … corruption. Because this relationship is particularly strong at low income levels, developing countries can considerably improve …

when corruption is too pervasive, and when the origin of tax revenue origin reduces government accountability. Lastly, our …