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determinants such as: corruption, regulation and bureaucracy, quality of public and government services, detection probability …
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This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty …
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institutions, such as that of Russia. However, as the role of non-market factors (such as corruption) in firms' prosperity … in investment between really decentralized and other firms declines as corruption grows. Empirical research presented in …
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The soliciting of personal favours for and from others in order to circumvent formal procedures is a common practice across the world, variously known as guanxi, wasta, blat, and jeitinho. Until now, however, there have been no known empirical studies of this practice in South-East Europe. This...
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resultant prosperity. We also emphasize that enforcing regulations is a complex task given corruption, informal markets, and the …
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