external buffers. The challenges arise from social and economic disparities and high youth unemployment. The economic reform …

Egypt has presented important budget imbalances. This paper tries to evaluate whether Egypt’s public deficit has had … any impact on current account imbalances, examining the validity of the twin deficit hypothesis for Egypt. We conclude for … to the budget deficit. Further, we conclude against the validity of full Ricardian equivalence in Egypt and present …

a balance between reducing public debt and increasing priority expenditure. Progress in structural reform has been …