The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive efficiency measures to estimate the performances of OECD and non-OECD countries. A Russell directional distance function that appropriately credits the decision making unit not only for increase in desirable outputs but also for the...

Financial Holding Companies (FHCs) were established after Taiwan's FHC Act is signed to law in 2001, since then, FHCs have become the mainstream and dominated Taiwan's financial market, meanwhile, the Taiwan government mandated that, effective 1 January 2013, all listed banks should adopt IFRS...

In this study, we introduced the concept of the integrated healthcare system into budget allocation decisions and analysed the potential improvement in healthcare performance by reallocating the budget among the preventive care, medical care and long-term care services. We have applied an...