freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

to the latter, it raises a conundrum: if populist policies are detrimental to economic growth, as most economists agree …

This paper throws new light on the relationship between income and democracy. Using data for 162 countries over 1960 … political instability, while other potential mechanisms, such as education, investment and inequality, lack comparable empirical … support. These findings are robust to, among others, using night-lights instead of GDP, different democracy measures and …

to the latter, it raises a conundrum: if populist policies are detrimental to economic growth, as most economists agree …

in a political system have on economic growth. Using analysis of panel data from more than countries over the period 1970 …-2010 we find that the growth effects of property rights increase when political power is divided among more veto players. When … political parties), we further find that the growth effects of property rights are driven mainly by checks on the chief …

majority of people. The fundamental reason thereof is the blatant contradiction between the principle of democracy, promoting … the rule of law and thereby the welfare of people, and the indomitable tendency of rising and unsustainable inequality in … the essential of democracy. It could be a road to genuine reforms3 preventing a disaster caused by the sheer rejection of …

, altruism and concern for inequality. We find that decision makers who are selected democratically are generally more efficiency …

high levels of democracy are characterized by lower relative inequality. They also have the lowest ratio of the income … information from five Varieties of Democracy indices. K-means country clusters are similar but not entirely identical to both k …-medians clusters and arbitrary groups formed using only one measure, namely the liberal democracy index. Simple correlations with …